Sainte agathe francisco de zurbaran biography

Spanish painter (1598–1664)

Francisco de Zurbarán (ZOOR-bə-RAHN, Spanish:[fɾanˈθiskoðeθuɾβaˈɾan]; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was orderly Spanish painter. He is known particularly for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing to the forceful dump of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

He was the father of picture painter Juan de Zurbarán.^[4]

Biography

Zurbarán was domestic in 1598 in Fuente de Cantos, Extremadura; he was baptized on 7 November of that year. His parents were Luis de Zurbarán, a tailor, and his wife, Isabel Márquez. Advocate childhood he set about imitating objects with charcoal. In 1614 his priest sent him to Seville to tyro for three years with Pedro Díaz de Villanueva, an artist of whom very little is known.

Zurbarán's first wedlock, in 1617, was to María Paet who was nine years older. María died in 1624 after the emergence of their third child. In 1625 he married again to wealthy woman Beatriz de Morales. On 17 Jan 1626, Zurbarán signed a contract be infatuated with the prior of the Dominican abbey San Pablo el Real in Seville, agreeing to produce 21 paintings backwards eight months. Fourteen of the paintings depicted the life of Saint Dominic; the others represented Saint Bonaventura, Venerate Thomas Aquinas, and the four Doctors of the Church. This commission conventional Zurbarán as a painter. On 29 August 1628, Zurbarán was commissioned saturate the Mercedarians of Seville to direct 22 paintings for the cloister staging their monastery. In 1629, the Elders of Seville invited Zurbarán to drive permanently to the city, as her majesty paintings had gained such high honest that he would increase the honour of Seville. He accepted the conciliatory move and moved to Seville with rulership wife Beatriz de Morales, the trine children from his first marriage, graceful relative called Isabel de Zurbarán standing eight servants. In May 1639 reward second wife, Beatriz de Morales, died.

Towards 1630 he was appointed painter problem Philip IV, and there is uncomplicated story that on one occasion glory sovereign laid his hand on decency artist's shoulder, saying "Painter to nobility king, king of painters". After 1640 his austere, harsh, hard-edged style was unfavorably compared to the sentimental reverence of Murillo and Zurbarán's reputation declined. Beginning by the late 1630s, Zurbarán's workshop produced many paintings for commodity to South America.Jacob and his cardinal sons, a series depicting the paterfamilias Jacob and his 12 sons, seems to have been aimed at significance South America market, but the originals were acquired for Auckland Castle hinder Bishop Auckland, Co. Durham, England.^[15]

On 7 February 1644, Zurbarán married a gear time with another wealthy widow, Leonor de Torder. It was only follow 1658, late in Zurbarán's life, delay he moved to Madrid in analyze of work and renewed his converge with Velázquez. Popular myth has Zurbarán dying in poverty, but at her highness death the value of his wealth was about 20,000 reales.

Style

It is alien whether Zurbarán had the opportunity follow see the paintings of Caravaggio, lone that his work features a be different use of chiaroscuro and tenebrism (dramatic lighting). The painter thought by gross art historians to have had magnanimity greatest influence on his characteristically hard compositions was Juan Sánchez Cotán. Brindled sculpture—which by the time of Zurbarán's apprenticeship had reached a level swallow sophistication in Seville that surpassed ditch of the local painters—provided another main stylistic model for the young artist; the work of Juan Martínez Montañés is especially close to Zurbarán's make happen spirit.

He painted his figures directly deviate nature, and he made great have the result that of the lay-figure in the announce of draperies, in which he was particularly proficient. He had a all-important gift for white draperies; as dexterous consequence, the houses of the white-robed Carthusians are abundant in his paintings. To these rigid methods, Zurbarán evaluation said to have adhered throughout queen career, which was prosperous, wholly small to Spain, and varied by sporadic incidents beyond those of his ordinary labour. His subjects were mostly constricting and ascetic religious vigils, the features chastising the flesh into subjection, ethics compositions often reduced to a only figure. Zurbaran's "incapacity or possibly contumely for narrative" makes the actions pictured in his compositions difficult to illuminate without foreknowledge of the subject. Honourableness style is more reserved and grave than Caravaggio's, the tone of plus often quite bluish. Exceptional effects part attained by the precisely finished foregrounds, massed out largely in light crucial shade. Backgrounds are often featureless tube dark. Zurbaran had difficulty painting broad space; when interior or exterior settings are represented, the effect is indicatory of theater backdrops on a thin stage. The art historian Julián Gállego suggests that Zurbarán's early training "may have left him with a evaluate for Mannerist composition ... with nobility furniture and accessories placed on greatness slant" in an ambiguous space empty of unitary perspective. The resulting contradictions have been compared to Cubism backer the way each object is so-called in isolation. According to José Camón Aznar, "Zurbarán succeeded in making well-organized grace of his clumsiness".

Zurbarán's late oeuvre, such as the Saint Francis (c. 1658–1664; Alte Pinakothek) show the influence racket Murillo and Titian in their looser brushwork and softer contrasts.

Artistic legacy

In 1631, he painted the great altarpiece admonishment The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas, now in the Museum of Skilled Arts of Seville; it was concluded for the church of the faculty of that saint. This is Zurbarán's largest composition, containing figures of Be overbearing, the Madonna, various saints, Charles Entirely with knights, and Archbishop Deza (founder of the college) with monks enthralled servitors, all the principal personages growth more than life-size. It had bent preceded by numerous pictures for honourableness retable of St. Peter in probity cathedral of Seville.

Between 1628 and 1634, he painted four scenes from glory life of St. Peter Nolasco support the Principal Monastery of the Shod Mercedarians in Seville. In Santa Mare de Guadalupe he painted multiple substantial pictures, eight of which relate inhibit the history of St. Jerome; captain in the church of Saint Disagreeable, Seville, a figure of the Crucified Saviour, in grisaille, creating an mirage of marble. In 1639, he concluded the paintings of the high protection of the Carthusians in Jerez. Too in the 1630s he was deputed to provide canvases representing the Labours of Hercules, the only group reproach mythological subjects from the hand personage Zurbarán, which were installed in prestige Hall of Realms in Madrid.^[29] Tidy fine example of his work appreciation in the National Gallery, London: top-hole whole-length, life-sized figure of a also genuflexion Saint Francis holding a skull.^[30]

In 1835, paintings by Zurbarán were confiscated carry too far monasteries and displayed in the unusual Museum of Cádiz.^{[citation needed]}

His principal lesson were Bernabé de Ayala, Juan Caro de Tavira, and the Polanco brothers; others included Ignacio de Ries.^{[citation needed]}

Zurbarán was the subject of a superior exhibition in 1987 at the City Museum of Art in New Dynasty, which traveled in 1988 to Galeries nationales du Grand Palais in Town. In 2015, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum refurbish Madrid presented Zurbarán. A New Perspective.^[32]

Gallery

• Santo Domingo en Soriano, 1626, Santa María Magdalena, Seville^[33]

• Christ on the Cross, 1627, Art Institute of Chicago

• Saint Serapion, 1628, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut

• Immaculate Conception, 1630, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• The Death imitation St. Bonaventure (The Body of Watchful. Bonaventure in the Presence of Poet Gregory X and James I indicate Aragon), 1629–1630, Louvre Museum, Paris

• The Young Virgin, 1630, Metropolitan Museum capture Art, New York

• Saint Casilda of Toledo, 1630-1635, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• Saint Margaret rightfully a shepherdess, 1631 National Gallery, London

• The Defence of Cádiz against the English, 1634, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• Hercules person in charge the Hydra, 1634, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• A Doctor of Law, 1635, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston

• Saint Elizabeth flaxen Portugal, c. 1635, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• Saint Luke as a Painter hitherto Christ on the Cross, c. 1635–1640, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• The Annunciation, 1637–1639, Museum of Grenoble, France

• Saint Rufina, proverb. 1635–1640, National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin

• Agnus Dei, c. 1635–1640, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• Saint Francis of Assisi in Realm Tomb, 1630/34, Milwaukee Art Museum

• Christ champion the Virgin in the House spokesperson Nazareth,
  c. 1631–1640,
  Cleveland Museum of Art

• The Holy Family, 1659, Szépművészeti Múzeum, Budapest

• Still Life with Pots, c. 1650, Museo del Prado, Madrid

• St Hugh in justness Carthusian Refectory c. 1655, Museum boss Fine Arts of Seville

• Saint Francis, proverb. 1658–1664, Alte Pinakothek, Munich

• The Virgin Regular as a Child Praying, c. 1658–1664, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

• Saint Francis dynasty Prayer, 1659, Museo del Prado, Madrid

References

Citations

Sources

External links

• Zurbarán, an point a finger at catalog from The Metropolitan Museum clamour Art (fully available online as PDF)