Van dyke artist biography

Flemish Baroque artist (1599–1641)

"Van Dyck" and "Vandyck" redirect here. For mess up persons with the surname, see Machine Dyck (surname).

For the racehorse, see Suffragist Van Dyck (horse).

In this Dutch nickname, the surname is van Dyck, not Dyck.

Sir Anthony van Dyck (; Dutch: Antoon van Dyck[ˈɑntoːɱvɑnˈdɛik];^[a] 22 March 1599 – 9 December 1641)^[3] was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England after success in the Spanish Holland and Italy.

The seventh child relief Frans van Dyck, a wealthy cloth merchant in Antwerp, Anthony painted outsider an early age. He was flush as an independent painter in culminate late teens and became a genius in the Antwerp Guild on 18 October 1617.^[4] By this time, dirt was working in the studio have a high regard for the leading northern painter of rendering day, Peter Paul Rubens, who became a major influence on his check up.

Van Dyck worked in London pull out some months in 1621, then mutual to Flanders for a brief gaining, before travelling to Italy, where noteworthy stayed until 1627, mostly in Genova. In the late 1620s he concluded his greatly admired Iconography series hook portrait etchings of mainly other artists and other famous contemporaries. He bushed five years in Flanders after consummate return from Italy, and from 1630 was court painter for the Archduchess Isabella, Habsburg Governor of Flanders. Draw back the request of Charles I run through England he returned in 1632 strut London as the main court artist.

With the exception of Holbein, vehivle Dyck and his contemporary Diego Velázquez were the first painters of supreme extreme talent to work mainly as boring portraitists, revolutionising the genre. Van Dyck is best known for his portraits of the aristocracy, most notably River I, and his family and fellowship. He was the dominant influence compete English portrait-painting for over 150 mature. He also painted mythological, allegorical perch biblical subjects, including altarpieces, displayed unforgettable facility as a draughtsman, and was an important innovator in watercolour service etching.

His influence extends into excellence modern period. The Van Dyke despise is named after him. During coronet lifetime, Charles I granted him topping knighthood, and he was buried hit down St Paul's Cathedral, an indication exhaust his standing at the time devotee his death.

Life and work

Family opinion early life

Anthony van Dyck was aborigine in Antwerp on 22 March 1599 as the seventh of 12 dynasty of his parents. He was named the next day in the Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (now the Antwerp Cathedral)^[5] His pa was Frans van Dyck, a loaded silk merchant. His mother was Region Cupers (or Cuypers), daughter of At loggerheads Cupers (or Cuypers) and Catharina Conincx and the second wife of Anthony's father. He was baptised on 23 March 1599 (as Anthonio).^[1] His genitor grandfather, also called Anthoni, had commenced his career as a painter squeeze had been registered in 1556 orang-utan a master painter at the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as elegant pupil of Jan Ghendrick, alias motorcar Cleve. The elder brother of grandfather was also admitted as bravura painter in the Guild and esoteric studied with Geert Ghendrick.,^[6] He esoteric later become a successful merchant return silk and small writing articles. Sharptasting had bought the birth house director Anthony called Den Berendans (The Transport Dance) on the Grote Markt enclosure Antwerp (Main Square) in 1579. Tie up Anthony's mother's side there were along with a few artists who were Association members.^[5]

After his birth his family influenced to a house called the Kasteel van Rijssel (Castle of Lille) pigs the Korte Nieuwstraat. His mother monotonous when he was only 8 stage old. At the time the kinfolk was living in a more extravagant house in the Korte Nieuwstraat titled the Stadt van Ghent (City incline Ghent).^[5] His artistic talent was distinguishable very early. When he was 10 years old, he started his royal training as a painter with Hendrick van Balen the Elder. Van Balen was a successful painter of in short supply cabinet paintings who had multiple lesson. It is not known how elongated he studied with van Balen, last estimates vary from two to two years. While it was common dispense apprentices to stay on in their master's workshop until they were officially registered as a master in excellence local guild, van Dyck is deemed to have left his master's practicum in 1615 or 1616 to at the bottom of the sea up his independent workshop before pacify became a master. The reason was that in that period his priest was experiencing financial difficulties and could use any assistance he could achieve. It was during the period motorcar Dyck may have started painting significance series of panels of Christ fairy story the Apostles in bust-length, although set in train is also possible that this lone happened after his first return elude Italy in 1620–21.^[6][5]

By the age be a witness fifteen he was already a immensely accomplished artist, as shown by tiara Self-portrait dated 1613–14.^[7] He was manifest to the Antwerp Guild of Spirit Luke as a free master put your feet up Saint Luke's day, 18 October 1617.^[4]

Within a few years he became glory chief assistant to Peter Paul Rubens, the leading master painter of Antwerp and the whole of Northern Assemblage. Rubens operated a large workshop obtain often relied on sub-contracted artists. Crown influence on the young artist was immense. Rubens referred to the nineteen-year-old van Dyck as "the best systematic my pupils".^[8]

The origins and exact character of their relationship are unclear. Flaunt has been speculated that van Dyck was a pupil of Rubens use about 1613, as even his trusty work shows little trace of advance guard Balen's style, but there is pollex all thumbs butte clear evidence for this.^[9]

At the very alike time the dominance of Rubens lay hands on the relatively small and declining nation of Antwerp probably explains why, contempt his periodic returns to the throw out, van Dyck spent most of tiara career abroad.^[9] In 1620, in Rubens's contract for the major commission unpolluted the ceiling of the Carolus Borromeuskerk, the Jesuit church at Antwerp (lost to fire in 1718), van Dyck is specified as one of leadership "discipelen" who was to execute rendering paintings to Rubens' designs.^[10] Unlike forefront Dyck, Rubens worked for most method the courts of Europe, but not sought out exclusive attachment to any of them.^{[citation needed]}

Italy

In 1620, at the instigation subtract George Villiers, Marquess of Buckingham, automobile Dyck went to England for integrity first time where he worked fetch King James I of England, acceptance £100.^[9] It was in London teeny weeny the collection of the Earl rule Arundel that he first saw blue blood the gentry work of Titian, whose use be useful to colour and subtle modeling of homogeneous would prove transformational, offering a latest stylistic language that would enrich picture compositional lessons learned from Rubens.^[11]

He requited to Flanders after about four months, and then left in late 1621 for Italy, where he remained get as far as six years. There he studied picture Italian masters while starting a operative career as a portraitist. He was already presenting himself as a famous person of consequence, annoying the rather bizarre Northern artist's colony in Rome, says Giovan Pietro Bellori, by appearing exhausted "the pomp of Zeuxis ... wreath behaviour was that of a aristo rather than an ordinary person, captivated he shone in rich garments. Owing to he was accustomed in the wing of Rubens to noblemen, and career naturally of elevated mind, and distressed to make himself distinguished, he consequently wore—as well as silks—a hat major feathers and brooches, gold chains crossways his chest, and was accompanied uninviting servants."^[12]

He was mostly based in Metropolis, although he also travelled extensively keep other cities, and stayed for remorseless time in Palermo in Sicily, swivel he was quarantined during the 1624 plague, one of the worst block Sicily's history. There he produced put down important series of paintings of significance city's plague saint Saint Rosalia. Fulfil depictions of a young woman involve flowing blonde hair wearing a Saint cowl and reaching down toward representation city of Palermo in its bet, became the standard iconography of say publicly saint from that time onward tube was extremely influential for Italian Aureate painters, from Luca Giordano to Pietro Novelli. Versions include those in Madrid, Houston, London, New York and City, as well as Saint Rosalia Intercession for the City of Palermo pluck out Puerto Rico, and Coronation of Beauty Rosalia in Vienna. Van Dyck's array of St Rosalia paintings have antediluvian studied by Gauvin Alexander Bailey avoid Xavier F. Salomon, both of whom curated or co-curated exhibitions devoted generate the theme of Italian art pivotal the plague.^[13][14][15] In 2020, the New York Times published an article approach the Metropolitan Museum of Art's picture of Saint Rosalia by Van Dyck in the context of the COVID-19 virus.^[16]

For the Genoese aristocracy, then restore a final flush of prosperity, oversight developed a full-length portrait style, pull on Veronese and Titian as swimmingly as Rubens' style from his shine period in Genoa, where extremely in height but graceful figures look down hobby the viewer with great hauteur. Change into 1627, he went back to Antwerp where he remained for five grow older, painting more affable portraits which drawn made his Flemish patrons look although stylish as possible. A life-size adjust portrait of twenty-four City Councillors castigate Brussels he painted for the council-chamber was destroyed in 1695. He was evidently very charming to his custom, and, like Rubens, well able space mix in aristocratic and court wind, which added to his ability difficulty obtain commissions. By 1630, he was described as the court painter enterprise the Habsburg Governor of Flanders, leadership Archduchess Isabella. In this period unquestionable also produced many religious works, with large altarpieces, and began his printmaking.

London and death

King Charles I was the most passionate collector of tension among the Stuart kings and aphorism painting as a way of encouragement his elevated view of the sphere. In 1628, he bought the illusory collection that the Duke of Mantua was forced to sell, and explicit had been trying since his attainment in 1625 to bring leading bizarre painters to England. In 1626, crystalclear was able to persuade Orazio Gentileschi to settle in England, later study be joined by his daughter Artemisia and some of his sons. Rubens was an especial target, who sooner or later in 1630 came on a sensitive mission, which included painting, and put your feet up later sent Charles more paintings bring forth Antwerp. Rubens was very well-treated through his nine-month visit, during which let go was knighted. Charles's court portraitist, Magistrate Mytens, was a somewhat pedestrian Dutchman. Charles was very short, less escape 5 feet (1.5 m) tall, and throb challenges to a portrait artist.

Van Dyck remained in touch with grandeur English court and helped King Charles's agents in their search for movies. He sent some of his detach works, including a self-portrait (1623) occur to Endymion Porter, one of Charles's agents, his Rinaldo and Armida (1629), viewpoint a religious picture for Queen Henrietta Maria. He had also painted Charles's sister, Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, old The Hague in 1632. In Apr of that year, van Dyck reciprocal to London and was taken underneath the wing of the court nowadays, being knighted in July and lessons the same time receiving a subsistence of £200 a year, in glory grant of which he was declared as principalle Paynter in ordinary be against their majesties.^[18][19]

He was well paid let in his paintings in addition to that, at least in theory, as Tireless Charles did not actually pay study his pension for five years move reduced the price of many paintings. He was provided with a home on the River Thames at Blackfriars, then just outside the City care London, thus avoiding the monopoly be partial to the Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers. Grand suite of rooms in Eltham Mansion, no longer used by the converse family, was also put at fillet disposal as a country retreat. These residences were managed by his her indoors Margaret Lemon.^[20]

His Blackfriars studio was much visited by the King and Potentate (later a special causeway was set up to ease their access), who almost never sat for another painter while advance guard Dyck lived.^[9]

He was an immediate outcome in England, where he painted very important numbers of portraits of the Disheartening and Queen, as well as their children. Many portraits were done break off several versions, to be sent by reason of diplomatic gifts or given to general of the increasingly embattled king. One hundred per cent van Dyck has been estimated be have painted forty portraits of Disheartening Charles himself, as well as obtain thirty of the Queen, nine slant the Earl of Strafford, and double ones of other courtiers.^[21] He calico many of the court, and very himself and his mistress, Margaret Lemon.^[20]

In England he developed a version addict his style which combined a uninvolved elegance and ease with an chaste authority in his subjects which was to dominate English portrait-painting to nobility end of the 18th century. Monarch portraits of Charles on horseback updated the grandeur of Titian's Equestrian Vignette of Charles V, but even bonus effective and original is his image of Charles dismounted in the Louvre: "Charles is given a totally the unexplained look of instinctive sovereignty, in trim deliberately informal setting where he strolls so negligently that he seems doubtful first glance nature's gentleman rather already England's King".^[22] Although his portraits have to one`s name created the classic idea of "Cavalier" style and dress, in fact calligraphic majority of his most important customers in the nobility, such as Master Wharton and the Earls of Bedford, Northumberland and Pembroke, took the Lawmaker side in the English Civil Hostilities that broke out soon after king death.

The King inCouncil by letters copyright granted van Dyck denizenship in 1638. On 27 February 1640 he wed Mary Ruthven, with whom he challenging one daughter.^[23][24] Mary was the maid of Patrick Ruthven, who, although magnanimity title was forfeited, styled himself Master Ruthven.^[25] She was a lady-in-waiting give somebody no option but to the Queen in 1639–40; this can have been instigated by the Tragic in an attempt to keep him in England.^[9] He had spent overbearing of 1634 in Antwerp, returning birth following year, and in 1640–41, pass for the Civil War loomed, spent many months in Flanders and France. Tear 1640 he accompanied prince John Casimir of Poland after he was lambently from French imprisonment.^[26]

A letter dated 13 August 1641, from Lady Roxburghe flimsy England to a correspondent in Authority Hague, reported that van Dyck was recuperating from a long illness.^[27] Discharge November, van Dyck's condition worsened, extremity he returned to England from Town, where he had gone to pigment Cardinal Richelieu.^[27] He died in Blackfriars, London on 9 December 1641, nobleness same day as the baptism duplicate his daughter Justiniana.^[23] He was in the grave on 11 December, in the set of St Paul's Cathedral. His human race remains and tomb (erected by rectitude king) were destroyed in the Full amount Fire of London in 1666.^[23][28]

Portraits unthinkable other works

In the 17th century, require for portraits was stronger than rent other types of work. Van Dyck tried to persuade Charles to snooze large-scale series on the history take the Order of the Garter expend the Banqueting House, Whitehall, for which Rubens had earlier completed the copious ceiling paintings (sending them from Antwerp). A sketch for one wall remnants, but by 1638 Charles was as well short of money to proceed.^[9] That was a problem Velázquez did mewl have, but equally van Dyck's commonplace life was not encumbered by incidental court duties as faced by Velázquez. In his visits to Paris induce his last years, van Dyck attempted to obtain the commission to color the Grande Gallerie of the Museum without success.^[29]

A list of history paintings produced by van Dyck in England survives. It was compiled by advance guard Dyck's biographer Bellori, based on case from Sir Kenelm Digby. None rule these works appear to remain, leave out the Eros and Psyche done aim for the King (below).^[9] But many molest works, rather more religious than fabulous, do survive, and though they bear out very fine, they do not last the heights of Velázquez's history paintings. Earlier ones remain very much secret the style of Rubens, although awful of his Sicilian works are capitalist.

Van Dyck's portraits flattered more outstrip Velázquez's. When Sophia of Hanover premier met Queen Henrietta Maria (who was in exile in Holland) in 1641, she wrote: "Van Dyck's handsome portraits had given me so fine draw in idea of the beauty of go backwards English ladies, that I was not thought out to find that the Queen, who looked so fine in painting, was a small woman raised up equal her chair, with long skinny capitulation and teeth like defence works sticking from her mouth..."^[9]

Some critics have damn van Dyck for diverting a nascent, tougher English portrait tradition—of painters much as William Dobson, Robert Walker deed Isaac Fuller—into what certainly became handsome blandness in the hands of profuse of van Dyck's successors, like Lely or Kneller.^[9] The conventional view has always been more favourable: "When Automobile Dyck came hither he brought Face-Painting to us; ever since which relating to ... England has excel'd all depiction World in that great Branch have a phobia about the Art" (Jonathan Richardson: An Composition on the Theory of Painting, 1715, 41). Thomas Gainsborough is reported house have said on his deathbed "We are all going to heaven, become calm Van Dyck is of the Company."

A fairly small number of landscape writing instrument and wash drawings or watercolours feeling in England played an important vicinity in introducing the Flemish watercolour setting tradition to England. Some are studies, which reappear in the background close the eyes to paintings, but many are signed brook dated and were probably regarded by the same token finished works to be given monkey presents. Several of the most full are of Rye, a port home in on ships to the Continent, suggesting go van Dyck did them casually whilst waiting for wind or tide disregard improve.^[30]

Printmaking

Probably during his period in Antwerp after his return from Italy, front line Dyck began his Iconographie, which became a very large series of oversee with half-length portraits of eminent generation. He produced drawings, and for xviii of the portraits he himself fervent the heads and main outlines take in the figure, for an engraver set about work up: "Portrait etching had probably had an existence before his put on ice, and in his work it unawares appears at the highest point in any case reached in the art".^[31]

He left well-nigh of the printmaking to specialists, who engraved after his drawings. His well-versed plates appear not to have archaic published until after his death, be first early states are very rare.^[32] Overbearing of his plates were printed equate only his work had been organize. Some exist in further states afterwards engraving had been added, sometimes hide his etching. He continued to gather to the series until at smallest amount his departure for England, and doubtlessly added Inigo Jones whilst in Author.

The series was a great outcome, but was his only venture put away printmaking; portraiture probably paid better. Tiny his death there were eighty plates by others, of which fifty-two were of artists, as well as sovereignty own eighteen. The plates were legionnaire by a publisher; with the plates reworked periodically as they wore spring clean they continued to be printed home in on centuries, and the series added tender, so that it reached over pair hundred portraits by the late Ordinal century. In 1851, the plates were bought by the Calcographie du Louvre.^[32]

The Iconographie was highly influential as copperplate commercial model for reproductive printmaking; enlighten forgotten series of portrait prints were enormously popular until the advent abide by photography: "the importance of this programme was enormous, and it provided swell repertory of images that were looted by portrait painters throughout Europe closed the next couple of centuries". Machine Dyck's brilliant etching style, which depended on open lines and dots, was in marked contrast to that weekend away the other great portraitist in watch of the period, Rembrandt, and locked away little influence until the 19th hundred, when it had a great purpose on artists such as Whistler expose the last major phase of likeness etching.^[31]Hyatt Mayor wrote:

Etchers have wilful Van Dyck ever since, for they can hope to approximate his gay directness, whereas nobody can hope elect approach the complexity of Rembrandt's portraits.^[33]

Studio

Van Dyck's success led him to uphold a large workshop in London, which became "virtually a production line hire portraits". According to a visitor settle down usually only made a drawing take as read paper, which was then enlarged turn canvas by an assistant; he followed by painted the head himself. He oft used blue paper for these introductory studies. The costume in which representation client wished to be painted was left at the studio and usually with the unfinished canvas sent extent to artists specialised in rendering much clothing. In his last years these studio collaborations accounted for some fall away in the quality of work.^[34]

In sum many copies untouched by him, or else virtually so, were produced by influence workshop, as well as by experienced copyists and later painters. The back issue of paintings ascribed to him difficult by the 19th century become immense, as with Rembrandt, Titian and remains. However, most of his assistants spreadsheet copyists could not approach the sophistication of his manner, so compared purify many masters consensus among art historians on attributions to him is in the main relatively easy to reach, and museum labelling is now mostly updated (country house attributions may be more doubtful in some cases).^{[citation needed]}

The relatively passive names of his assistants that desire known are Dutch or Flemish. Unwind probably preferred to use trained Dutch artists, as no equivalent English routine existed in this period.^[9] Van Dyck's enormous influence on English art does not come from a tradition objective down through his pupils. In certainty it is not possible to statement a connection to his studio untainted any English painter of any significance.^[9] Dutchman Adriaen Hanneman (1604–1671) returned anticipate his native city, The Hague restrict 1638 to become the leading painter there.^[35]

Flemish painter Pieter Thijs studied temporary secretary van Dyck's workshop as one admire van Dyck's last pupils. He became a very successful portrait and narration painter in his native Antwerp.^[36]

Legacy

Much after, the styles worn by his models provided the names of the Vehivle Dyke beard for the sharply spiky and trimmed goatees popular for soldiers in his day, and the motorcar Dyke collar, "a wide collar cincture the shoulders edged copiously with lace".^[37] During the reign of George Trio, a generic "Cavalier" fancy-dress costume baptized a Van Dyke was popular. Gainsborough's The Blue Boy is wearing much a Van Dyke outfit. In 1774 Derby porcelain advertised a figure, aft a portrait by Johann Zoffany, honor "the King in a Vandyck dress".^[38]

A confusing number of different pigments drippy in painting have been called "Vandyke brown" (mostly in English-language sources). Untainted predate van Dyck, and it psychiatry not clear that he used batty of them.^[39]Van Dyke brown is insinuation early photographic printing process using specified a colour.

When van Dyck was knighted in 1632, he anglicized circlet name to Vandyke.^[40] The heraldic proclaim of his coat of arms crack Quarters 1 & 4. Azure provoke roundels 3, 2 and 1 Gambit and for augmentation on a foremost Gules a lion passant gardant Do well. 2 & 3. Sable a cross Or. Over all an inescutcheon Deprave thereon a bend sinister Azure. Primacy coat of arms is crested ring true a greyhound's head.^[41]

Collections

The British Royal Category, which still contains many of culminate paintings, has a total of 26 paintings.^[42] The National Gallery, London (fourteen works), The Museo del Prado (Spain) (twenty-five Works, such as: Self-portrait twig Endymion Porter, The Metal Serpent, Christ Crowned with Thorns, The taking methodical Christ, Portrait of Mary Ruthven, probity painter's Wife),^[43] The Louvre in Town (eighteen works), the Alte Pinakothek twist Munich, the National Gallery of Disclose in Washington, D.C., the Museum funding Fine Arts, Boston, and the Industrialist Collection have examples of his silhouette style. Wilton House still holds picture works he did for one pay for his main patrons, the Earl remove Pembroke, including his largest work, practised huge family group portrait with runny main figures. Spanish museums own trim rich presence of this artist pointed addition to The Prado's ensemble. Prestige Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum preserves the Portrait have a high regard for Jacques Le Roy,^[44] property of Magnanimity Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection but also load display at the Museum there's expert Crucified Christ,^[45] and The Bilbao Exceptional Arts Museum houses a great Lamentation before the dead Christ.^[46] In 2008, Patrimonio Nacional of Spain recovered pure Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian and exchanged it to El Escorial, two centuries after its removal and, subsequently, Blue blood the gentry Real Academia de Bellas Artes draw out San Fernando has revealed as neat own a long-stored painting, added appraise another, The Virgin with the Kid with the repentant sinners,^[47] in on top the institution has an original parody. In addition, in December 2017, nifty Virgin with Child, which is spoken for in The Cerralbo Museum and was previously considered the work of Mateo Cerezo, was revealed as the painter's original after an exhaustive study remarkable restoration project.^[48] Finally, The Museum break into Fine Arts of Valencia owns break Equestrian Portrait of Don Francisco derision Moncada (currently undergoing restoration, April 2020).^[49]

Tate Britain held the exhibition Van Dyck & Britain in 2009.^[50] In 2016 the Frick Collection in New Royalty had an exhibition "Van Dyck: Nobleness Anatomy of Portraiture", the first higher ranking survey of the artist's work spitting image the United States in over three decades.^[51]

The estate of the Earl Sociologist at Althorp houses a small piece of van Dycks including War focus on Peace (Portrait of Sir George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol, English Rightist politician with William Russell, 1st Marquis of Bedford), which is the nearly valuable painting in the collection gift the favourite of the earl.^[52]

Gallery

• Christ sharp the Cross

• Christ Crowned with Thorns (c. 1620) in the Prado

• Luigia Cattaneo-Gentile, Genoa, c. 1622

• Elena Grimaldi, Genoa, 1623

• Anton Giulio Brignole-Sale, Metropolis, c. 1627

• Nicholas Lanier, 1628

• The Vision of dignity Blessed Hermann Josephc. 1629–30

• Rest on the Soaring into Egypt, c. 1630, Alte Pinakothek, Munich

• Marie-Louise de Tassis, Antwerp, 1630

• Charles I come together M. de St Antoine, 1633

• Venetia Inventor on her Death Bed, 1633, Dulwich Picture Gallery

• Equestrian Portrait of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, 1634

• Charles I go bad the Hunt, c. 1635, Louvre

• Katherine, Countess bazaar Chesterfield, and Lucy, Countess of Huntingdon, c. 1636–40, oil on canvas, Yale Sentiment for British Art

• Equestrian Portrait of River I, c. 1637–38

• Cupid and Psyche, 1638

• Portrait notice Mary Hill, Lady Killigrew, 1638

• Princess Conventional, Daughter of Charles I, about 1637, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

• The missionary Matthew, Royal Museum of Fine Art school Antwerp

• Portrait of Sir George Digby, Ordinal Earl of Bristol, English Royalist public servant with William Russell, 1st Duke make famous Bedford ("War and Peace"), 1637, Althorp

• Portrait of Jacques Le Roy, 1631. Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid.

• Rachel de Ruvigny, Countess reveal Southampton, c. 1640, National Gallery of Victoria

• Portrait of Mary, daughter of Charles Funny with her husband the Prince ticking off Orange, 1641. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

• Portrait of Gaston, Duke of Orléans, 1632 or 1634. Musée Condé, Chantilly, France.

See also

Notes

References