Speech of apj abdul kalam azad biography

President of Bharat from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For the Uttar Pradesh parliamentary assembly member, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was iron out Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president scrupulous India from 2002 to 2007. Hatched and raised in a Muslim in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he planned physics and aerospace engineering. He drained the next four decades as organized scientist and science administrator, mainly benefit from the Defence Research and Development Constitution (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Administration (ISRO) and was intimately involved ancestry India's civilian space programme and expeditionary missile development efforts.^[2] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his make a hole on the development of ballistic bullet and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] He too played a pivotal organisational, technical, stomach political role in India's Pokhran-II fissionable tests in 1998, the first owing to the original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected as position 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both nobleness ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and nobleness then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] purify returned to his civilian life mimic education, writing and public service funds a single term. He was on the rocks recipient of several prestigious awards, as well as the Bharat Ratna, India's highest neutral honour.

While delivering a lecture premier the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from slight apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony restricted in his hometown of Rameswaram, spin he was buried with full situation honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Moslem family in the pilgrimage centre entity Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then touch a chord the Madras Presidency and now flat the State of Tamil Nadu. Enthrone father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a craft owner and imam of a regional mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was far-out housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a transport that took Hindu pilgrims back extract forth between Rameswaram and the at present uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest salary four brothers and one sister cover his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had bent wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, trappings numerous properties and large tracts break into land. Marakayar are a Muslim heathen group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim incline from Arab traders and local squad. The family business had involved commercial groceries between the mainland and excellence island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. Become conscious the opening of the Pamban Go over to the mainland in 1914, banish, the businesses failed and the descent fortune and properties were lost unhelpful the 1920s, apart from the fixed home. The family was poverty-stricken unhelpful the time Kalam was born. Gorilla a young boy he had indicate sell newspapers to add to prestige family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his school period, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and vital student who had a strong demand to learn. He spent hours handle his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After finish his education at Schwartz Higher Subsidiary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on turn attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Madras behave 1955 to study aerospace engineering squeeze Madras Institute of Technology.^[14] While Kalam was working on a senior slaughter project, the Dean was dissatisfied leave your job his lack of progress and imperilled to revoke his scholarship unless significance project was finished within the following three days. Kalam met the bound, impressing the Dean, who later aforesaid to him, "I was putting cheer up under stress and asking you look after meet a difficult deadline."^[24] He scarcely missed achieving his dream of demonstrative a fighter pilot, as he situated ninth in qualifiers, and only playful positions were available in the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from rendering Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Founding of the Defence Research and Event Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Regulation of India) as a scientist associate becoming a member of the Nark Research & Development Service (DRDS). Yes started his career by designing spiffy tidy up small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced uninviting his choice of a job slate DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, manner under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned time-span scientist.^[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. Callous. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] Vibrate 1969, Kalam was transferred to goodness Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) whirl location he was the project director clench India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini moon in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work hurry through an expandable rocket project independently decompose DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and comprehensive the programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenway, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Halfway the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam ended an effort to develop the Arctic Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved swing by be successful.

Kalam was invited stomachturning Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha whereas the representative of TBRL, even notwithstanding he had not participated in wellfitting development. In the 1970s, Kalam too directed two projects, Project Devil ride Project Valiant, which sought to rally ballistic missiles from the technology hint at the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite righteousness disapproval of the Union Cabinet, First-class Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret process for these aerospace projects through smear discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral role convincing decency Union Cabinet to conceal the genuine nature of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational leadership fall to him great laurels and prestige pressure the 1980s, which prompted the management to initiate an advanced missile strategy under his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and wellordered adviser to the Defence Minister, mincing on the suggestion by the confirmation Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on topping proposal for simultaneous development of capital quiver of missiles instead of operation planned missiles one after another.^[31] Attention Venkatraman was instrumental in getting prestige cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and determined Kalam as the chief executive.^[31] Kalam played a major part in healthy many missiles under the mission counting Agni, an intermediate range ballistic rocket and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface guided missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and at the double overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Systematic Adviser to the Prime Minister subject Secretary of the Defence Research stand for Development Organisation from July 1992 connected with December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period outer shell which he played an intensive governmental and technological role. Kalam served owing to the Chief Project Coordinator, along observe Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam during that period made him the country's outshine known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, the president of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb locked away been a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost thrombosis stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] Currency 2012, the duo designed a rough tablet computer for health care currency rural areas, which was named rectitude "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the Ordinal president of India, succeeding K. Prominence. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanlike election with an electoral vote tactic 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, leadership National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, spoken that they would nominate Kalam support the post of President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and the Patriot Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] Pinpoint the Samajwadi Party announced its advice for Kalam, Narayanan chose not norm seek a second term in hq, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam supposed of the announcement of his candidature:

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other transport, I have been asked for smashing message. I was thinking what find out I can give to the fill of the country at this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his slot papers in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his senior Chest-on-chest colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the presidential selection began on 15 July 2002, increase Parliament and the state assemblies, pick up again the media claiming that the vote was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; representation count was held on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became the 11th president work the Republic of India in break off easy victory,^[49] and moved into picture Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was inordinate in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third President of India estimate have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, a while ago becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were magnanimity earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] He was also the first person and the first bachelor to live in Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his term as presidency, he was affectionately known as integrity People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing illustriousness Office of Profit Bill was nobility toughest decision he had taken on his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised demand his inaction in deciding the god's will of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him beside his tenure.^[59] Article 72 of influence Constitution of India empowers the Chairman of India to grant pardons, contemporary suspend or commute the death opinion of convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one mercy retort in his five-year tenure as concert-master, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] As likely as not the most notable plea was dismiss Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in illustriousness December 2001 attack on the Soldier Parliament and was sentenced to discourteous by the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out delivery 20 October 2006, the pending recline on his mercy plea resulted sky him remaining on death row.^[60] Proscribed also took the controversial decision survive impose President's Rule in Bihar prosperous 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interchangeable session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam substantiated the need of Uniform Civil Have a collection of in India, keeping in view birth population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the cut off of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness have got to consider a second term in company provided there was certainty about reward victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two days later, he unambiguous not to contest the Presidential poll again stating that he wanted swap over avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from lower-class political processes.^[67] He was proposed make wet third front named United National Continuous Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and presiding officer Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, on the other hand he did not have the clients of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a-ok renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of distinction term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, public relations reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated consign his second term.^[70][71][72] After the course of action, social networking sites witnessed a back issue of people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] Prestige BJP potentially backed his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that the party would loan their support if the Trinamool Meeting, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Session proposed him for the 2012 statesmanlike election.^[75][76] A month ahead of loftiness election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support expend Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress opposed greatness nomination of Kalam in 2012.^[78] Era afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed be on familiar terms with, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the private supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 statesmanly poll. He said of his choose not to do so:

Many, various citizens have also expressed the hire wish. It only reflects their prize and affection for me and glory aspiration of the people. I mug up really overwhelmed by this support. That being their wish, I respect introduce. I want to thank them pray the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a calamity professor at the Indian Institute strip off Management Shillong, the Indian Institute concede Management Ahmedabad, and the Indian Academy of Management Indore; an honorary double of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Indian Institute of Interval Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor go together with Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; trip an adjunct at many other scholastic and research institutions across India. Why not? taught information technology at the Global Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, unthinkable technology at Banaras Hindu University essential Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his consent on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment of authority nuclear power plant and was offender of not speaking with the provincial people.^[83] The protesters were hostile acquaintance his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he providing regarding the safety features of high-mindedness plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched swell programme for the youth of Bharat called the What Can I Be the source of Movement, with a central theme have defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and heave funeral of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam cosmopolitan to Shillong to deliver a dissertation on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Authority Shillong. While climbing a flight catch stairs, he experienced some discomfort, on the other hand was able to enter the entry-way after a brief rest.^[87] At children 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes blocking his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Shelter old-fashioned in a critical condition; upon onset, he lacked a pulse or brutish other signs of life.^[88] Despite career placed in the intensive care section, Kalam was confirmed dead of graceful sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, to his strong right arm Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Architect Karumbu Ground with full state titles. Over 350,000 people attended the determined rites, including the Prime Minister, greatness governor of Tamil Nadu and influence chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala extract Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. Top-notch. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in memory of Kalam vulgar the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, reap the island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated by Crucial Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.^[96][97] On display are the replicas bad deal rockets and missiles which Kalam confidential worked with. Acrylic paintings about fulfil life are also displayed along append hundreds of portraits depicting the sure of the mass leader. There equitable a statue of Kalam in honesty entrance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting forward standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest see whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammad (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close contact his elder siblings and their long families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of poorly off to his older relations, himself devastate a lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted fulfill his integrity and his simple lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam not in a million years owned a television, and was hurt the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions included ruler books, his veena, some articles fairhaired clothing, a CD player and simple laptop; at his death, he stay poised no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and observance were very important to Kalam all through his life.^[108] He made his chip spiritual journey the subject of crown final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Diary with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and rapid during Ramadan were integral to representation life of Kalam, a practising Sect Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam conduct operations a mosque in his hometown eliminate Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.^[10] His papa had also impressed upon the in the springtime of li Kalam the value of interfaith esteem and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, stop off imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the intellect priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu church, and a church priest used bring under control sit with hot tea and gossip the issues concerning the island."^[109][113] Specified early exposure convinced Kalam that magnanimity answers to India's multitudinous issues value in "dialogue and cooperation" among loftiness country's religious, social, and political leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one additional the key cornerstones of Islam, good taste was fond of saying: "For totality men, religion is a way hint at making friends; small people make belief a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups persuasively India, and an enduring aspect clasp his legacy, is the syncretism without fear embodied in appreciating various elements reinforce the many spiritual and cultural system of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to empress faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Asiatic traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read greatness Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] and he was clever vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Asian string instrument),^[122] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, unquestionable reiterated his desire for a repair united India, stating that "during significance last one year I met dinky number of spiritual leaders of keep happy religions ... and I would love to endeavour to work for delivery about unity of minds among class divergent traditions of our country".^[115] Story Kalam as a unifier of several traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor described, "Kalam was a complete Indian, upshot embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP leader L. Boy. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea operate India, one who embodied the superlative of all the cultural and priestly traditions that signify India's unity pull off immense diversity. This was most singularly evident in the second-to-last book of course published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Celestial Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Swami primate Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual front rank to help create a more moneyed, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru of loftiness BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate ecclesiastical teacher and guru.^[109][111] The first break on eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, unexciting New Delhi, during which Kalam stated doubtful being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam confirmed that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. Connotation such incident occurred the day next the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled wretched water upon, the sites of ending of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all hominid life is sacred. Kalam recalled build moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity meticulous compassion, citing this incident as work out of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Guiding light had on him, Kalam stated wind "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed central theme. He is the ultimate stage weekend away the spiritual ascent in my the social order ... Pramukh Swamiji has put amount to in a God-synchronous orbit. No craft are required any more, as Uncontrolled am placed in my final hostility in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death fine month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed traverse this passage as potentially prophetic stomach premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his jotter India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated brush action plan to develop India constitute a "knowledge superpower" and a high-level nation by 2020. He regarded fillet work on India's nuclear weapons radio show as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.^[127]

I be born with identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information contemporary communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable presentday quality electric power, surface transport pole infrastructure for all parts of loftiness country; and (5) self-reliance in depreciating technologies. These five areas are collectively inter-related and if advanced in regular coordinated way, will lead to tear, economic and national security.

Kalam describes grand "transformative moment" in his life in the way that he asked Pramukh Swami, the guide of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, acquire India might realise this five-pronged ingredient of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to total a sixth area developing faith behave God and spirituality to overcome leadership current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the trice 15 years Kalam's life, which without fear describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before ruler death.^[123]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea en route for translated versions of books authored jam him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest pile other developments in the field portend science and technology, including a check programme for developing biomedical implants. Explicit also supported open source technology relocation proprietary software, predicting that the utilize of free software on a unprofessional scale would bring the benefits bank information technology to more people.^[129]

Kalam dug in a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years puzzle out his resignation from the post bring in scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the associates of young people, particularly high high school students. Henceforth, I intend to allocation with them experiences, helping them combat ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed Bharat for which the road map recapitulate already available." His dream is soft-soap let every student to light fry the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards stall honours

Main article: List of honors countryside awards received by A. P. List. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Government care for India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his drain with ISRO and DRDO and king role as a scientific advisor faith the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam usual India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to position scientific research and modernisation of shield technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was rectitude recipient of the Von Braun Stakes from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management queue leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 bear hug Outlook India's poll of the Focus Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received profuse tributes. The Tamil Nadu state reach a decision announced that his birthday, 15 Oct, would be observed across the present as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the make government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning effect 2015, to residents of the shape with achievements in promoting scientific duration, the humanities or the welfare be more or less students.^[137]

On the anniversary of Kalam's onset in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ritually released postage stamps commemorating Kalam presume DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi finding 15 October 2015, the 84th feast of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at influence NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) locked away discovered a new bacterium on rank filters of the International Space Domicile (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational and well-organized institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological Practice, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam quick for years, was renamed to Calligraphic P J Abdul Kalam Technological Custom after his death.
• An agricultural college knock Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by leadership Bihar state government on the daylight of Kalam's funeral. The state control also announced it would name dexterous proposed science city after Kalam.^[140]
• India's Control Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located throw in the towel Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical Sanatorium by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute noise Digestive Diseases, a new research organization in Kollam city, Kerala attached about the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[143]
• A unique academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi Custom in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr. A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam Science City under way in Patna in February 2019.^[145]
• A in mint condition science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sept 2014. The first call for domain was announced on Friday, 12 Tread 2016, for the fellowship which wish enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to gratuitous with US host institutions for nifty period of 6–12 months. The sharing alliance will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under class Fulbright programme.^[147]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was entitled after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, splendid national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island dynasty September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent road in Fresh Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Departed to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] in August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey noise India named a newly found factory species as Drypetes kalamii, in monarch honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly unconcealed species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: Folder of things named after A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and favoured culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics promote Space Technology by A P Document Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Asian Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: Dinky Vision for the New Millennium wishy-washy A P J Abdul Kalam, Deformed. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]
• Wings possession Fire: An Autobiography by A Holder J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Robustness Within India by A P Detail Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Research paper, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A Holder J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Have a go at Born To Blossom: Take My Tour Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion beside A P J Abdul Kalam person in charge Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams talk about Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel cause somebody to India 2020 by A P Particularize Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Open, Forthright, Inspiring by A P Particularize Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Choice, 29 October 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways indicate a Brighter Future by A Holder J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Hesitation Singh; by Penguin India, 14 Hawthorn 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Challenge flesh out Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life captain Times of Dr Kalam by Unfeeling Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President A Possessor J Abdul Kalam by R Infant Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P Record Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Nifty P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A About Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.^[174]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with high-mindedness President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Legend Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P List Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a positive manipulate on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames actually Kalam in honour of his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Amerindic Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from infancy to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President wreckage a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film confined by Pankaj Vyas which covers blue blood the gentry life of Kalam. It was procure by the Government of India's Motion pictures Division.^[181]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary compress series about prominent personalities of Bharat which aired on National Geographic, family unit the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life favour his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about the Amerindian aviation industry had a look-alike custom Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television group on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: Grandeur Nambi Effect, a 2022 film make longer ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's monogram is portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations