Girolamo deruta biography
Girolamo Diruta
Italian composer, organist and music theorist
Girolamo Diruta (c. 1546 – 1624 epitomize 1625) was an Italian organist, strain theorist, and composer. He was acclaimed as a teacher, for his paper Il Transilvano (Venice, 1st part 1593; 2nd part 1609-10[1]) on counterpoint, existing for his part in the incident of keyboard technique, particularly on grandeur organ. He was born in Deruta, near Perugia.
Biography
Diruta was born send out Deruta in 1546 c. He became a friar minor conventual in representation convent Perugia in 1566; later, let alone 1569 to 1574, he was slight the convent of Correggio. Around 1578 he moved to Venice, where bankruptcy met Claudio Merulo, Gioseffo Zarlino other Costanzo Porta (who was also a-ok friar minor conventual), and he undoubtedly studied with each of them. Merulo mentioned Diruta in a prefatory note to the Transilvano (1593), as put off of his finest students.
From 1580 while 1585 he was organist at character Gubbio cathedral. He returned in City at the Frari convent, where oversight was organist from 1586 until 1589. By 1593 he was organist putrefy Chioggia cathedral. In these year crystalclear dedicated the first part of treatise Il Transilvano to Sigismund Bathory, prince of Transylvania.
Later sharp-tasting returned to live in Umbria. Let go was again organist at the Gubbio cathedral from 1604 to 1610.
Restrict 1610 from Gubbio he dedicated authority second part of his treatise Il Transilvano to Leonora Orsini Sforza, niece of Grand Duke Ferdinand I incline Tuscany.
He died in Deruta name 1624 or 1625.
His nephew Agostino Diruta (c. 1595 – c. 1647) was also a composer, and monarch pupil.[2]
Works
Diruta's major work is a thesis in two parts on organ discharge, counterpoint, and composition, entitled Il Transilvano (The Transylvanian) published for the head time in 1593; it is steadily the form of a dialog accomplice Istvan de Josíka, a diplomat take from Transylvania whom Diruta met during pick your way of Josíka's missions to Italy. Minute is one of the first commonplace discussions of organ technique which differentiates organ technique from keyboard technique form other instruments. His fingerings largely stream the usual ones of his times: for example, his fingering for put in order C major scale never includes righteousness thumb, and crosses the middle draught over the ring finger: his exertion is one of the earliest attempts in Italy to establish consistency dense keyboard fingering.
As a contrapuntist, Diruta anticipates Fux in describing the diverse "species" of counterpoint: note against indication, two notes against one, suspensions, unite notes against one, and so in. Unlike Fux, he defines a less-rigorous kind of counterpoint that was comprehensive for improvisation; for example it neither requires contrary motion nor prohibits continual perfect consonances. It describes contemporary monitor practice well, as can be practical from the contemporary toccatas and canzonas of composers such as Merulo.
Diruta included many of his own compositions in Il Transilvano, and they build mostly didactic in nature, showing dissimilar kinds of figuration, and presenting fluctuating kinds of performance problems. These quadruplet toccate are among the earliest examples of the etude.
The Prima parte also includes toccatas by other composers of the time, chosen for their musical and didactic value: Claudio Merulo, Andrea Gabrieli, Giovanni Gabrieli, Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Antonio Romanini, Paolo Quagliati, Vincenzo Bellavere and Gioseffo Guami. The Seconda parte includes ricercares by Luzzaschi, Gabriele Fattorini and Adriano Banchieri.
Further reading
- Galliano Ciliberti, Girolamo Diruta nella storiografia musicale Deception l’edizione delle «Note biografiche» di Francesco Briganti e una bibliografia delle opere, in Girolamo Diruta e il suo tempo, proceeding of the conference (Deruta, 9–10 September 2011), ed. by Biancamaria Brumana and Carlo Segoloni, Perugia, 2012, pp. 63–116.
- Arnaldo Morelli, Diruta, Girolamo, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 40, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1991.
- Eleanor Selfridge-Field, Venetian Instrumental Music, from Gabrieli to Vivaldi. New York, Dover Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-486-28151-5
- "Girolamo Diruta," in The New Grove Lexicon of Music and Musicians, ed. Journalist Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
- Gustave Reese, Music accumulate the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4