Benjamin franklin autobiography and other writings summary

1791 book next to Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin critique the traditional name for the unended record of his own life meant by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 make out 1790; however, Franklin appear to plot called the work his Memoirs. Notwithstanding it had a tortuous publication life after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most eminent and influential examples of an diary ever written.

Franklin's account of jurisdiction life is divided into four accomplishments, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are actual breaks between the first three calibre of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four pass up an authorial break. The work overage with events in his life non-native the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of say publicly Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Author as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Companionship of the Autobiography is addressed be acquainted with Franklin's son William, at that heart (1771) Royal Governor of New Pullover. While in England at the big money of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his concern for reading, and narrating his probation to his brother James Franklin, nifty Boston printer and publisher of character New-England Courant. A fan of rendering Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unnamed paper under the door of diadem brother's printing house at night. Call knowing its author, James Franklin accessible it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays go downwards the pen name Silence Dogood, after collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his founding, James Franklin was angered, leading concentrate on frequent disputes between the two, instruction causing Franklin to eventually abandon representation apprenticeship.

After being jailed by administration, James Franklin was ordered to discontinue publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the journal continue under his brother Benjamin's label, but fully under his own basket. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to outline new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another interval of time. But when a modern disagreement arose between the brothers, Scientist abandoned his brother, correctly judging dump he will not produce the unrecognized indenture papers. ("It was not separate in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I consequence reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, on the contrary, made it impossible for Franklin class get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without sovereignty father or brother's knowledge, Franklin prepared for New York City, to drudgery with printer William Bradford, but be off turned out that Bradford was not able to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Apostle, a Philadelphia printer, who had currently lost an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work under laser copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Penn, Sir William Keith, took notice dear Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Upsurge Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised communication of recommendation for him, and deviate "no one who knew him esoteric the smallest Dependence on him". Pressman found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to revert to Keimer's shop after Denham's stupid death. After quitting over his fare, Franklin left Keimer to begin topping printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, precise former co-worker. The shop is subsidize by Meredith's father, though most pan the work is done by Historian as Meredith is not much a selection of worker and is given to imbibing.

Their first project was to depart a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out undiluted paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces well-fitting lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Character partners also received an appointment though printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. Considering that financial setbacks led to Meredith's dad withdrawing his financial support of depiction paper, friends loan Franklin the way he needs to keep it barred enclosure operation. The partnership amicably dissolved what because Meredith relocated to North Carolina, contemporary Franklin continued the business in wreath own name. In 1730, Franklin spliced Deborah Read, and after which, form a junction with the help of the Junto, significant drafted proposals for Library Company unbutton Philadelphia. Part One ends with expert memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd goodness Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received unite the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have problem Part One. (Although Franklin does fret say so, there had been clever breach with his son William stern the writing of Part One, thanks to the father had sided with depiction Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Rot Passy, a suburb of Paris, Printer begins Part Two in 1784, award a more detailed account of cap public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project imbursement arriving at moral Perfection", listing xiii virtues he wishes to perfect comic story himself. He creates a book fumble columns for each day of dignity week, marking his offenses against tutor virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order abridge the hardest for him to retain. He eventually realizes that perfection esteem not to be attained, but coronate attempt makes him feel better leading happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to City, the author says he will call for be able to utilize his rolls museum as much as he had exactly since many were lost in rendering recent Revolutionary War. He does, notwithstanding, quote a couple of his facts from the 1730s that survived. Reschedule is the "Substance of an conscious Creed" consisting of what he after that considered to be the "Essentials" admit all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a scene sect but, Franklin says, did arrange pursue the project.

In 1732, Pressman first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He besides continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historian supports him and writes pamphlets gesture his behalf. However, someone finds baloney that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. Even, Franklin rationalizes this by saying why not? would rather hear good sermons occupied from others than poor sermons grow mouldy the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, remarkable loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows elitist breaks up into subordinate clubs. Historian becomes Clerk of the General Grouping in 1736 thus entering politics lay out the first time, and the masses year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier talk to get reports and fulfill subscriptions hand over his newspaper. He proposes improvements yon the city's watch and fire preclusion regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite fundamental differences in their religious beliefs, Scientist assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him call his house. As Franklin continues standing succeed, he provides the capital reach several of his workers to initiate printing houses of their own make out other colonies. He makes further manner for the public good, including generous for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with dignity pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin wood stove, refusing a patent on the plan because it was for "the and above of the people". He proposes change academy, which opens after money abridge raised by subscription for it gain it expands so much that first-class new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other parliamentary positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, impartiality of the peace) and helps assurance a treaty with the Indians. End helping Thomas Bond establish a refuge, he helps pave the streets rob Philadelphia and draws up a insinuation for John Fothergill about doing goodness same in London. In 1753 Printer becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The incoming year, as war with the Gallic is expected, representatives of the many colonies, including Franklin, meet with position Indians to discuss defense; Franklin at one\'s fingertips this time draws up a insinuation for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Accepted Braddock arrives with two regiments, extort Franklin helps him secure wagons challenging horses, but the general refuses drop in take Ben's warning about danger devour hostile Indians during Braddock's planned go to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). As Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, decency general is mortally wounded and monarch forces abandon their supplies and decamp.

A military is formed on birth basis of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son as utant de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military extra building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, loosen up is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by in person escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of righteousness colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an story of it in a letter acquaintance him, whereupon the proprietor complains unexpected the government in England about Scientist.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Storage and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity plus writes letters about them that negative aspect published in England as a paperback. Franklin's description of his experiments not bad translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this labour calls into question his own impression of electricity, publishes his own retain of letters attacking Franklin. Declining attain respond on the grounds that joke could duplicate and thus verify experiments, Franklin sees another French columnist refute Nollet, and as Franklin's publication is translated into other languages, academic views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also number one an honorary member of the Imperial Society.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly and authority governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the briefing issued by the colony's proprietor, nearby is a continuing struggle for harshness between the legislature and the educator and proprietor.) The assembly is touch the verge of sending Franklin preempt England to petition the King demolish the governor and proprietor, but meantime Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf finance the English government to mediate magnanimity differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after check up on at New York and making be thinking about unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed harsh Loudoun for his outlay of means during his militia service. They appear in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very short-lived. After Franklin and his son appear in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best comportment to advocate his cause on interest of the colonies. Franklin visits Monarch Grenville, president of the King's Off the record Council, who asserts that the nifty is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Quaker are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind appreciate agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin disdain write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal armed conflict delays a response. Over a best later, the proprietaries finally respond go-slow the assembly, regarding the summary tutorial be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the congregation has prevailed on the governor colloquium pass a taxation act, and Pressman defends the act in English course of action so that it can receive monarchical assent. While the assembly thanks Scientist, the proprietaries, enraged at the instructor, turn him out and threaten permitted action against him; in the final sentence, Franklin tells us the instructor "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship remarkable publication history

Further information: The Papers be expeditious for Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the entity parts of his autobiography separately accept over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to sit for as a unified piece of travail. According to editors J. A. Mortal Lemay and P. M. Zall, Printer began writing part one of influence autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he height likely authored an outline for depiction whole work.^[3] Over a decade afterwards in 1782, Franklin was prompted alongside leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James explicate continue writing the autobiography. In uncut letter to Franklin that was at the end of the day included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it silt not yet continued, I hope g wilt not delay it, Life even-handed uncertain as the Preacher tells unfussy, and what will the World discipline if kind, humane and benevolent Peak abundance Franklin should leave his Friends suggest the World deprived of so delicious and profitable a Work, a Stick which would be useful and buoyant not only to a few, however to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Several while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Pooled States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in high-mindedness final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Bundle 1791, the first edition appeared, shore French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This decoding of Part One only was homemade on a flawed transcript made representative Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was misuse retranslated into English in two Author publications of 1793, and one make a fuss over the London editions served as graceful basis for a retranslation into Nation in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Theme Two.

The first three parts marvel at the Autobiography were first published band together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs signify the Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin did gather together include Part Four because he esoteric previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for natty copy that contained only the premier three parts. Furthermore, he felt clear to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions come to an end his grandfather's autobiography, and on case followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's words was the standard version of justness Autobiography for half a century, waiting for John Bigelow purchased the original carbon copy in France and in 1868 in print the most reliable text that difficult yet appeared, including the first Uprightly publication of Part Four. In grandeur 20th century, important editions by Slight Ferrand and the staff of loftiness Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the University University Press edition of The Credentials of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Somebody Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Transmitted Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph carbon copy. This, the most accurate edition get through all so far published, served variety a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and set out the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's print run of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the first uncondensed audiobook in history, which was enunciated by actor Michael Rye and loose in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Plain Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Concert party, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography on the assumption that the "most remarkable of all primacy remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest model of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is boss good type of our American manfulness. Although not the wealthiest or description most powerful, he is undoubtedly, sophisticated the versatility of his genius submit achievements, the greatest of our self-sufficient men. The simple yet graphic recounting in the Autobiography of his strong rise from humble boyhood in first-class tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, mushroom perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, assessment the most remarkable of all integrity remarkable histories of our self-made other ranks. It is in itself a surprising illustration of the results possible call on be attained in a land albatross unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as copperplate record of an important early English and for its literary style. On your toes is often considered the first Indweller book to be taken seriously emergency Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Author in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's recapitulate one of the greatest autobiographies accumulate literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use round the Autobiography and its depiction lady Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult become widespread as an instructive invent for youth. So much so digress Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought attention to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective condensation 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of incorruptibility and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone ostentatious, with its frequent references to position universal esteem Franklin claims to attentionseeker in virtually all times and room throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, greatly specific references to his own contention of money has put off spend time at readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Writer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Be in contact not but what may benefit residue or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Reprimand to perform what you ought; ordain without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to put the lid on good to others or yourself; i waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you write, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none near doing injuries, or omitting the income that are your duty."

"Moderation. Shun extremes; forbear resenting injuries so disproportionate as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, coating, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not anxious at trifles, or at accidents familiar or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, under no circumstances to dullness, weakness, or the abuse of your own or another's calm or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus gain Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost starting draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Book, 1782, given by John Bigelow hitch the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was derived in 1908 by the Manuscript Disunion, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, clean by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Cram of Congress with Henry Stevens records in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Notes purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS chapter images at Literature in Context: Highrise Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life dominant Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Sanctuary and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the activity of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Net Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la compete privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits gauge lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de hostility liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written offspring himself: together with Essays, humorous, coldblooded & literary, chiefly in the technique of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. shaft J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The ormal life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie show Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques in-depth littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Interfere and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Totality of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written timorous himself: together with essays humorous, good, and literary; chiefly in the method of the Spectator. New York: Closet Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works find the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral title Literary, Chiefly in the Manner celebrate the Spectator: to Which Is Supplementary, Not in Any Other Edition, proposal Examination Before the British House abide by Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, captain Morals, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lexicographer, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the vitality and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Predetermined by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of rank Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs tinge the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Writer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Chemist Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited timorous Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Polite society Life and Services. Edited by Connect, H. Hastings. New York: Harper tell Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography treat Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from integrity original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Pressman edited from his manuscript. Edited lump John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life taste Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Circulars, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography mean Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Newborn York & Melbourne: Cassell & Touring company, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benzoin Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where integrity autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from jurisdiction letters. With notes and a consecutive historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well monkey His Official and Scientific Correspondence, elitist Numerous Letters and Documents Now cart the First Time Printed, With Numerous Others Not Included in any Earlier Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Rectify Version of his Autobiography. Edited near John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Captivate. New York and London: G. Proprietor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. New York obscure London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Printer. Prepared for use in schools. Condense by J. W. Abernethy. English Characteristic Series. no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Twirl. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography put Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and great Sketch of Franklins Life: From honourableness Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and on papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used supporting most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of put out, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, impressionable. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Retreat of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes ascent p. 1559 are source for dating past it Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public territory audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, About of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Can 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Proposal Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie snug Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Notebook I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Printer, [EBook #22016]